the bush-era, obama-era tax rates disproportionately helped rich people. the same with tax expenditures. greenspan calls them not tax expenditures but tax entitlements. is it true that the tax expenditures almost equal the medicare and medicaid and social security altogether? they almost equal that amount. that they disproportionately go to wealthier people. 60% of our tax entitlements go to maybe 20% of the wealthiest people. >> in a report last year, we showed that tax expenditures through the individual income tax and payroll tax were larger than government spending on social security, on defense, on medicare. the distribution varies across tax expenditures. some of them benefit higher income people disproportionately. others focus on lower income people. we have work underway. >> there are a lot of complaints about the 50% of people who do not pay any income tax. the tax expenditure program for homeowners and for charitable donations, which are good tax expenditures. there is a lot of waste in it well. i want you to stipulate in your testimony here tha